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The
second instalment of life in Zim
Percy Zvomuya, Mail & Guardian (SA)
September 29, 2006
http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/art/2006/2006sept/060929-zim.html
Percy Zvomuya reviews Tsitsi Dangarembga's
new novel, The Book of Not, a sequel to the seminal Nervous Conditions
Whatever novel Tsitsi Dangarembga would write following the success
of the seminal Nervous Conditions would be judged using the high
benchmarks this book set when its author at once celebrated and
critiqued femaleness and questioned emasculating gender relations.
Even more rigorous standards would be applied, one assumes, for
a book that would follow as its sequel.
Most of the action in The Book of Not
(Ayebia), the sequel to Nervous Conditions, happens against the
backdrop of Zimbabwe’s nationalist war of independence in the 1970s.
It begins with an unflattering picture of the nationalists. Tambu
and other villagers are at an all-night meeting with the guerrillas
where babamukuru, her benefactor and guardian, is being beaten because
he is a sell-out and a collaborator for daring to send his niece
to "a school for his child where the education was superior
to the education given to the children of other people". Netsai,
her younger sister, has her leg blown off by a bomb at the same
meeting.
Dangarembga subtly brings to the fore,
using the innocent eyes of a teenager, the racial issues that the
Catholic-run multiracial school would rather push to the margins.
African pupils live six to a hostel meant for four students. Not
even senior fifth and sixth formers, who should have had rooms to
themselves, are exempt from this arrangement. They have to share
the hostel with first formers. When Tambu uses the toilet reserved
for white students she is called to the headmistress’s office for
a reprimand and, later, the principal writes a letter to babamukuru
in which she accuses her of having a "complex".
In many ways the tightrope of tension
that stretches across the old Rhodesian country of Nervous Conditions
remains equally taut in the sequel. The African girls, for instance,
lived in mortal fear of accidental contact with white pupils, who
would rather not be touched by the blacks. "We spent a lot
of time consumed by this kind of terror. We didn’t speak of it among
ourselves … but the horror of it gnawed within us." The maxim
"thou shall not" comes to define how Tambu and other Africans
live out the rest of their days at the mission.
The school’s administration ever so
slightly made them aware of their inferiority, the result of which
was a searing self-loathing for Tambu and other black people. In
her waking moments, the fact that she is not white and her limbless
sister -- who is a living, although dismembered, testimony to her
connection to the war -- weigh heavily on her. As a result, her
time at the school is a series of events in which she tries to be
agreeable and ingratiate herself with the authorities.
Initially she thinks, naively, that
she is guilty by association with other black girls who had not
received "proper treatment", but when she comes to and
realises that the way they are treated is gratuitous and there is
no way whatsoever of making amends, the depth of the agony is palpable,
much like in the Afro-American novel of the 20th century. Tambu
agonises that "you came to a school where you frequently had
to pinch yourself to see if you really existed" and when you
realise you do, you "often wished you didn’t", much like
the quest for identity in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man.
As you read, you become aware of the
narrator’s increasing maturity, which has the effect of preparing
you for the denouement at the end. As she grapples to come to terms
with her situation, she toys with the idea of unhu (ubuntu) -- what
she calls "I am not well, so you are not well too" --
and she realises that this philosophy is effete when not reciprocated.
Strangely, and perhaps appropriately, this "let and live"
philosophy is couched in terms of what you are not, rather than
what you are.
But it is the run-up to her humiliation
that the author carefully paints with great care and artistry. Tambu,
in a break with the school’s tradition, ambitiously attempts to
etch her name in the annals of the school. She works hard for two
years, indeed comes top of her ordinary level class, only for rules
to be changed to accommodate Tracey Stevenson, a white student.
All around her, the limits to her aspirations
are cast in concrete and, it would seem, neither all the ambition
nor all the will she can summon are able to move the obstacles placed
before her. Now even Nyasha, her strong-willed cousin, has been
sucked into acquiescent silence and lethargy at the mission school
and is later banished from the book altogether when she leaves for
England -- perhaps one thing that could be faulted about the story.
The Book of Not is a worthy, perhaps
not symmetrical, sequel to Nervous Conditions, but it grandly sets
the stage for the final book in the trilogy, which will be set in
post-independence Zimbabwe.
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